Session 1:
- General principles in research.
- Rationality of clinical research.
- Natural history of the disease.
- Causal diagrams.
Session 2
- Measurement bias (information, observation, classification).
- Types of measurement bias.
- Differential and non-differential measurement bias.
- Control of measurement bias.
Session 3
- Selection bias.
- Types of selection bias.
- Strategies to prevent selection bias (design, implementation and analysis).
Session 4
- Confounding effect.
- Systematic error analysis in the face of possible associations.
- Types of confounding effect.
- Strategies to prevent the confounding effect.
- Effect modification / Interaction.
- Confounding effect vs effect modification.
Session 5
- Cross-sectional studies.
- Elements of its design.
- Strategies to increase internal and external validity.
Session 6
- Design of studies to evaluate the validity of diagnostic tests.
- Screening tests.
- Research aimed at establishing the validity of diagnostic tests.
Session 7
- Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy: the clinical trial.
- Design of an experimental study.
- Strategies to increase the validity of an experimental study.
- Association measures vs. impact measures.
- Analysis by protocol and analysis by intention to treat.
Session 8
- Design of research studies that seek to determine the prognosis of the disease.
- Cohort study design.
- Survival analysis.
- Evaluation of studies on prognosis.
Session 9
- Synthesis of primary studies: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
- Stages of a systematic review.
- The forest plot.
- Sources of heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.
- Publication bias.
Session 10
- Research involving human beings.
- Ethical principles: respect for the subject and their privacy; methodological quality; perspective of the research subject; conflict of interest; risk and benefit assessment.
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